Cochineal
cochineal (noun,no plural, colour term) – a purple dye obtained from various scale insects. Cochineal insects parasitize on different plant species like the Kermes oak (Quercus coccifera), on the root of a carnation plant (Porphyrophor apolonica L.), and on prickly pear cacti (Opuntia ssp.). With the discovery of the American cochineal insect (Dactylopius coccus Costa), cactus plantations were planted throughout much of the Mediterranean and the dye became an important until it was possible to synthesize similar colours artificially. Nowadays, cochineal is no longer used to dye garments, but it is still used in expensive lipsticks or as food colouring for drinks like Campari (E 120).
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